More Random Walks In Science Pdf Software' title='More Random Walks In Science Pdf Software' />Men Have Always Used Science to Explain Why Theyre Better Than Women. On Saturday, Gizmodo published a 1. Google software engineer James Damore blasting the companys diversity policies. In the now viral document entitled Googles Ideological Echo Chamber, Damore asserts that women are biologically ill equipped to handle the rigors of the tech industry. The encouraging news is that Damore has now been fired from Google, according to multiple news reports. Sadly, the ideas espoused in his letter echo the same pseudoscience peddled by eugenicists and white supremacists for decadesand theyre unlikely to disappear anytime soon. Many ideas embraced by this ex Google employee are based largely on the so called conclusions of evolutionary psychology, a field premised on the idea that our psychological traits are the product of the same natural selection that shaped early human evolution. In practice, evolutionary psychology has been used to justify everything from rape to claims that certain groups of people are inherently more intelligent than others. It has also been criticized for shoddy methodology, ignoring cultural context, and leaping to conclusions on inadequate evidence. Evolutionary psychologists have tried to use their science to determine the best way to seduce women, which they think can be gamed out like Battleship. The fields fraught and controversial history didnt stop Damore from espousing some evolutionary psych of his own, to justify the underrepresentation of women at an enormous technology company. On average, men and women biologically differ in many ways, Damore wrote. These differences arent just socially constructed because for one thing they often have clear biological causes and links to prenatal testosterone. Citing something like prenatal testosterone to justify why more men occupy leadership positions in tech reads like classic evolutionary psychology using a vaguely scientific andcontroversial concept to explain an incredibly complex, multifaceted issue. But in evolutionary psychology, many differences between genders in our society including deep inequities can be neatly explained away by hard wired differences in in our brains. We need to stop assuming that gender gaps imply sexism, Damore wrote, citing pseudoscientific claims that men get paid more because they have a higher drive for status instead of the overwhelming evidence that gender based discrimination is closely linked to the wage gap. More Random Walks In Science Pdf Software' title='More Random Walks In Science Pdf Software' />Of course, using science to justify male superiority is much older than anything espoused by evolutionary psychologists. The idea that women are less psychologically stableor more, bluntly, hystericalhas been around at least since Hippocrates wrote about it in the 5th century BCE. As Freud and his contemporaries later posited, womens biology explained their inherent insanity. For example, CocaCola produces more than 100 billion plastic bottles in the United Kingdom, which many environmentalists find concerning. An environmental group in. Osu Tatakae Ouendan Rom English Patch. Testosterone may tamp down asthma caused by inhaling pollen, dust or other airborne allergens. Thats partly why more women suffer from the lung disease than men. Or, as this particular Google employee called it, their neuroticism. Women, on average, have more neuroticism higher anxiety, lower stress tolerance, Damore wrote. This may contribute to the higher levels of anxiety women report on Googlegeist and to the lower number of women in high stress jobs. Its true that women are more likely than men to be anxious, but theyre also more likely to have experienced physical and emotional abuse, both of which contribute to anxiety, for obvious reasons. So the claim that women are neurotic without any context as to whypossibly some differences in brain chemistry, but also, just maybe, greater levels of sexual harassment and social isolation in the workplaceis misleading and frankly, insulting. And while Damore wasnt so extreme as to claim women should be extirpated from the tech world, some of his pseudoscientific notions about why men are inherently better suited to certain jobs ring strongly of eugenics, a school of thinking premised on the idea that certain groups are biologically superior to others. Damore argues that highly heritable personality traits including higher agreeableness and a preference for artistic jobs among women are responsible for gender gaps in tech, ignoring cultural explanations. By this logic, attempting to level the playing field for women is thus misguidedwe should be selecting candidates read men with the most desirable traits for high stress, technically demanding jobs. More Random Walks In Science Pdf Software' title='More Random Walks In Science Pdf Software' />Perhaps its no coincidence that some evolutionary psychologists have expressed support for the idea of modern eugenics projects. While technology changes and the science evolves, the inclination to use biological differences as an excuse for discrimination remains the same. And while the Google screed focused largely on gender, many of these same arguments have been used to justify racism. I would argue in fact that the whole idea of whiteness and white supremacy wouldnt exist without science, Dr. Chanda Prescod Weinstein, a theoretical astrophysicist at the University of Washington, told Gizmodo, noting that the European Enlightenment spawned the now widely debunked field of scientific racism. As much as the Google employees anti diversity letter reeks of centuries old junk science, its important to emphasize that even today women, non binary people, and people of color in STEM fields are still regularly confronted with bigoted attitudes wrapped in a guise of biology. All too often, these people fear being blacklisted within their industry if they speak out against workplace discrimination. Oddly enough, the same white men who dominate tech industry in numbers seem to have convinced themselves theyre the ones whose status in the workplace is being threatened. Ironicallyas Damores manifesto and the subsequent fallout now illustratethey may be their own worst enemy. How to Use Less Plastic Because Were Using Way Too Much. Theres about a ton of plastic for each person living in the world todaythats 8,3. Even worse, plastic production is increasing and half of all the plastic on Earth was created in the past 1. But you can reduce your own impact by cutting back your plastic consumption. Here are eight steps you could take. Buy in Bulk. Buying in bulk reduces the amount of packaging needed for an item. Instead of buying small containers of hand soap, buy a huge container that you can refill your smaller bottles with. Even better, go for the bulk bins and buy everything using containers from home. As an added bonus, buying in bulk also reduces the number of trips you need to make to the store, and youll be saving money while you save the environment. Over the last several years, my wife and I have become reasonably skillful practitioners in the art Read more Read. Use Reusable Shopping Bags. Instead of getting all your groceries in plastic bags every time you go shopping, bring a reusable bag. It can be as fancy as this one with a lot of pockets, or it could be something simple like an upcycled rice bag. An increasing number of retailers such as Whole Foods and Trader Joes sell reusable bags at their checkout lines, meaning theres no excuse not to use one. Pressure Companies to Use Less Plastic. When enough consumers become sufficiently vocal, corporations respond to their demands. Being a smart consumer and knowing about the companies you buy from is helpful. If a company does something you disagree with, email them and tweet at them to voice your outrage. Or, even better, start buying from its competitors instead. For example, Coca Cola produces more than 1. United Kingdom, which many environmentalists find concerning. An environmental group in the UK filed a complaint, urging Coca Cola to do more to produce less waste. In response to these concerns, Coca Cola UK announced initiatives like a program that lets people return bottles for a small refund. Invest in Reusable Containers. Every year almost 3. Instead of buying disposable plastic water bottles, invest in a reusable water bottle or thermospreferebly one that isnt plastic. Not only will getting a good water bottle improve your water drinking experience your water stays cold and doesnt form condensation on the outside, but itll also encourage you to drink more water. When bringing lunch to work or going out to eat, bring your own utensils instead of using plastic disposable ones. The Kitchn has a roundup of their recommendations for reusable utensil sets. Also, pack your lunches with reusable containers more often instead of getting a takeout container we recommend getting a set of tiffins instead. Theres nothing wrong with taking your lunch to the office in a brown paper bag or a plasticRead more Read. Look for Alternatives in Packaging. Most of the plastic we use is for packaging, meaning that its only used once then thrown away or recycled. To remedy this waste, look for alternatives to plastic packaging buy toilet paper wrapped in paper, buy milk in glass containers that you can return, buy whole fruit at grocery stores and forgo plastic bags entirely. Larger items like avocados or apples dont need produce bags. For smaller items like grapes, check with your grocery stores to see if you can bring your own bags for produce instead of using the grocery stores produce bags. Push for a Plastic TaxBan. Al Quran Bangla Full. Individual actions are important, but larger actions, such as those led by the government, can spark major change. Encouraging your city governments to create laws that encourage less plastic can make a huge difference overall in plastic consumption. Cities like San Francisco and Chicago have already introduced laws limiting plastic consumption. Empires Dawn Of The Modern World there. Meanwhile, some states like New York have killed laws taxing plastic bags. If youre unhappy with plastic bag laws in your area, take it up with the local government and consult Lifehackers guide to making your local government listen to you. Compost. Instead of using lots of plastic bags to throw out your garbage, reduce the amount of garbage you produce by composting. Youd be surprised at how much of your trash is actually compostable more than half. You can buy a compost bin that does most of the work for you or make one yourself. If youre unsure where to start, Lifehacker has a comprehensive guide to composting. But be sure to check city laws on composting first because some cities have banned it. Composting is a great way of turning trash into treasure, but you may have trouble getting Read more Read. Buy Secondhand. New items almost always come in plastic packaging, but you could reuse someone elses items instead of buying new ones from a store. If youre looking for a new toy for your child, buy it secondhand. Scope out thrift stores or Craigslist for things that you need like clothes or furniture. A bonus is that it will also save you money along the way. Just be more careful when buying used technology or mattresses.